The BMW Group will be accelerating its expansion of e-mobility in the coming years. By 2030, at least half the company’s global sales are expected to come from fully electric vehicles. This will also increase the need for lithium, an important raw material for the production of battery cells. For this reason, the company will source lithium from a second leading supplier, US-based Livent. The value of the multi-year contract will total around 285 million euros (approximately AU$445 million). Livent will supply the lithium directly to the BMW Group’s battery cell manufacturers from 2022 on.
Dr Andreas Wendt, the member of the Board of Management of BMW AG responsible for Purchasing and Supplier Network, said lithium is one of the key raw materials for electromobility and by sourcing lithium from a second supplier, the company is securing requirements for the production of their current fifth generation of battery cells.
“At the same time, we are making ourselves technologically, geographically and geopolitically less dependent on individual suppliers,” Dr Wendt said.
The BMW Group already signed a contract for the procurement of lithium from so-called hard-rock deposits at Australian mines back in 2019. Now, the company is broadening its supplier base and additionally sourcing lithium from Argentina, where the raw material is obtained from brine from salt lakes.
Livent employs an innovative method, that emphasises sustainable water use and minimises the impact on local ecosystems and communities. The company will also contribute important data to the study of sustainable lithium mining initiated by the BMW Group.
The BMW Group sources critical raw materials like lithium and cobalt directly from producers and makes them available to its battery cell suppliers. In this way, the company creates complete transparency over the origin and mining methods of the material.
Sustainable lithium extraction in Argentina
The salt lakes in the border region between Argentina, Bolivia and Chile are home to roughly half the world’s lithium reserves.
In conventional lithium mining, brine from the layers below the salt lakes is pumped out of the ground and evaporated in shallow basins. Livent obtains lithium from a brine resource in northern Argentina, using a proprietary method that is particularly sustainable.
To minimise the impact on the surrounding ecosystem, most of the brine used is returned directly to the surrounding habitat and not evaporated. This largely preserves the balance between the brine layers and groundwater layers. Solvents and other chemicals do not come into contact with the environment during this process. It also takes up much less space, since evaporation basins are barely used.
The company is also involved in local educational programmes and infrastructure measures.
Lithium water study in cooperation with the University of Alaska Anchorage and the University of Massachusetts Amherst
The BMW Group and BASF commissioned a scientific analysis of the water use of different lithium mining methods in South America from the University of Alaska Anchorage and University of Massachusetts Amherst in late 2020. The study will investigate the impact of lithium mining on local water resources and the surrounding ecosystems.
The aim is to improve the scientific understanding of the relationship between fresh water and lithium brine aquifers, to evaluate different technologies and thus provide the foundation for assessing sustainable lithium mining.
The study will provide companies with a scientific basis to make more informed decisions on sustainable lithium mining in Latin America.
The results of the study are expected to be available in the first quarter of 2022.
Lithium water study investigates the impact of lithium extraction in South America on local water resources and the surrounding ecosystems. © University of Alaska Anchorage and University of Massachusetts Amherst (03/2021)
Working towards strict IRMA standard for lithium mining
The BMW Group became the first automotive manufacturer worldwide to join the Initiative for Responsible Mining Assurance (IRMA) in early 2020.
IRMA is a multi-stakeholder governed initiative that has developed guidelines for responsible extraction of raw materials and defined strict requirements for meeting its environmental and social standards.
The BMW Group has set itself the goal of having mining suppliers certified according to this standard in the future.
On the recommendation of the BMW Group, Livent has now become a pending member of IRMA, signifying its commitment to undergo a third-party audit in IRMA. Livent is the first company with mining operations in Argentina to have made this commitment, and one of the first lithium mining companies in the world to do so.
BMW Group ups the pace of electromobility expansion
The BMW Group will already have about a dozen fully electric models on the roads from 2023. Between now and 2025, the BMW Group will increase its sales of fully-electric models by an average of well over 50 per cent per year – more than 10 times the number of units sold in 2020.
By the end of 2025, the company will have delivered a total of around two million fully electric vehicles to customers. Based on its current market forecast, the company expects at least 50 per cent of its global sales to come from fully electric vehicles in 2030.
At this point, there will no longer be any segment position in the BMW Group’s entire product portfolio where the company does not offer at least one fully electric model.
The company will also be capable of handling a much larger percentage of fully electric vehicles if demand develops accordingly.
In total, over the next 10 years or so, the BMW Group will be releasing about ten million fully electric vehicles onto the roads.
